Surgical method or sterilisation is a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. Surgical intervention blocks gamete transfer so as to prevent conception.
In males it is called ‘vasectomy’, where in a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.
In the female, ‘tubectomy’ is performed where in a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina.
Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs) are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina. These are available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20). IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms. These are ideal contraceptives for the females who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children.